Lean, Lean Production or Lean Manufacturing describes a methodology aimed at reducing waste in the form of overproduction, lead time or product defects.
Lean is thus about doing more with less: less time, inventory, space people and money.
The term was born out of the production systems established by Toyota in Japan in the 1950s and was to a large extent inspired by Kaizen - the Japanese strategy of continuous improvement. Lean production is characterised by operations with low inventories, small batch runs and just-in-time delivery of supplies. It is supported by a quality management regime based on prevention, and by team-based working. The final element is a set of close relationships with suppliers. Though the concept arose in the manufacturing sector, it has since spread and has been applied successfully to other sectors.
Thinking lean involves:
Pull production is based on orders rather than forecasts; production planning is driven by customer demand or pull; its aim is not to suit machine loading or inflexible work flows on the shop floor. See Build-to-Order.
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